{"id":11297,"date":"2025-01-14T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-14T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/?p=11297"},"modified":"2025-01-14T11:24:22","modified_gmt":"2025-01-14T16:24:22","slug":"5-things-we-know-and-still-dont-know-about-covid-5-years-after-it-appeared-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/?p=11297","title":{"rendered":"5 things we know and still don\u2019t know about COVID, 5 years after it appeared"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">By&nbsp;&nbsp;LAURAN NEERGAARD,&nbsp;LAURA UNGAR&nbsp;and&nbsp;MIKE STOBBE, A.P.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Five years ago, a cluster of people in Wuhan, China, fell sick with a virus never before seen in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The germ didn\u2019t have a name, nor did the illness it would cause. It wound up setting off a pandemic that exposed deep inequities in the global health system and reshaped public opinion about how to control deadly emerging viruses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The virus is still with us, though humanity has built up immunity through vaccinations and infections. It\u2019s less deadly than it was in the pandemic\u2019s early days and it no longer tops the list of leading causes of death. But the virus is evolving, meaning scientists must track it closely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where did the SARS-CoV-2 virus come from?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We don\u2019t know. <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/cuomo-ethics-courts-new-york-4ffb93faa01a3d5d8753083a97258453\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s a difficult scientific puzzle to crack in the best of circumstances. The effort has been made even more challenging by political sniping around the virus\u2019 origins and by what international researchers say are moves by China to withhold evidence that could help.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The true origin of the pandemic may not be known for many years \u2014 if ever.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How many people died from COVID-19?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Probably more than 20 million. The World Health Organization has said member countries reported more than 7 million deaths from COVID-19 but the true death toll is estimated to be at least three times higher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the U.S., an average of about 900 people a week have died of COVID-19 over the past year, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The coronavirus continues to affect older adults the most. Last winter in the U.S., people age 75 and older accounted for about half the nation\u2019s COVID-19 hospitalizations and in-hospital deaths, according to the CDC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe cannot talk about COVID in the past, since it\u2019s still with us,\u201d WHO director Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What vaccines were made available?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists and vaccine-makers broke speed records developing COVID-19 vaccines that have saved tens of millions of lives worldwide \u2013 and were the critical step to getting life back to normal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Less than a year after China identified the virus, health authorities in the U.S. and Britain cleared vaccines made by Pfizer and Moderna. Years of earlier research \u2014&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/nobel-prize-medicine-71306bd18785477f3a85a69caa6e09c9\">including Nobel-winning discoveries<\/a>&nbsp;that were key to making the new technology work \u2014 gave a head start for so-called mRNA vaccines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, there\u2019s also a more traditional vaccine made by Novavax, and some countries have tried additional options. Rollout to poorer countries was slow but the WHO estimates more than 13 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered globally since 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The vaccines aren\u2019t perfect. They do a good job of preventing severe disease, hospitalization and death, and have proven very safe, with only rare serious side effects. But protection against milder infection begins to wane after a few months.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Like flu vaccines, COVID-19 shots must be updated regularly to match the ever-evolving virus \u2014 contributing to public frustration at the need for repeated vaccinations. Efforts to develop next-generation vaccines are underway, such as nasal vaccines that researchers hope might do a better job of blocking infection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which variant is dominating now?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Genetic changes called mutations happen as viruses make copies of themselves. And this virus has proven to be no different.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists named these variants after Greek letters: alpha, beta, gamma, delta and omicron. Delta, which became dominant in the U.S. in June 2021, raised a lot of concerns because it was twice as likely to lead to hospitalization as the first version of the virus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Then in late November 2021, a new variant came on the scene: omicron.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt spread very rapidly,\u201d dominating within weeks, said Dr. Wesley Long, a pathologist at Houston Methodist in Texas. \u201cIt drove a huge spike in cases compared to anything we had seen previously.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But on average, the WHO said, it caused less severe disease than delta. Scientists believe that may be partly because immunity had been building due to vaccination and infections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cEver since then, we just sort of keep seeing these different subvariants of omicron accumulating more different mutations,\u201d Long said. \u201cRight now, everything seems to locked on this omicron branch of the tree.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The omicron relative now dominant in the U.S. is called XEC, which accounted for 45% of variants circulating nationally in the two-week period ending Dec. 21, the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/covid.cdc.gov\/covid-data-tracker\/#variant-proportions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CDC<\/a>&nbsp;said. Existing COVID-19 medications and the latest vaccine booster should be effective against it, Long said, since \u201cit\u2019s really sort of a remixing of variants already circulating.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What do we know about long COVID?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Millions of people remain in limbo with a sometimes disabling, often invisible, legacy of the pandemic called long COVID.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It can take several weeks to bounce back after a bout of COVID-19, but some people develop more persistent problems. The symptoms that last at least three months, sometimes for years, include fatigue, cognitive trouble known as \u201cbrain fog,\u201d pain and cardiovascular problems, among others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Doctors don\u2019t know why only some people get long COVID. It can happen even after a mild case and at any age, although rates have declined since the pandemic\u2019s early years. Studies show vaccination can lower the risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It also isn\u2019t clear what causes long COVID, which complicates the search for treatments. One important clue: Increasingly researchers are discovering that remnants of the coronavirus can persist in some patients\u2019 bodies long after their initial infection, although that can\u2019t explain all cases.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By&nbsp;&nbsp;LAURAN NEERGAARD,&nbsp;LAURA UNGAR&nbsp;and&nbsp;MIKE STOBBE, A.P. Five years ago, a cluster of people in Wuhan, China, fell sick with a virus never before seen in the world. The germ didn\u2019t have [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11301,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101,272,289,290,333,387,592,607,651],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19","category-lab-leak","category-long-haul-disease","category-long-term-effects","category-mortality-morbidity","category-omicron","category-treatments","category-vaccine-news","category-wuhan-labs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11297","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11297"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11297\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11302,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11297\/revisions\/11302"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11301"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11297"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11297"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11297"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}