{"id":1190,"date":"2021-07-28T19:04:09","date_gmt":"2021-07-28T19:04:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wp.cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/?p=1190"},"modified":"2021-07-28T19:04:09","modified_gmt":"2021-07-28T19:04:09","slug":"cytokine-storm-in-covid-19-the-current-evidence-and-treatment-strategies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/?p=1190","title":{"rendered":"Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Authors: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Tang%20Y%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=32754163\">Yujun Tang<\/a>,<sup>\u2020<\/sup>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Liu%20J%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=32754163\">Jiajia Liu<\/a>,<sup>\u2020<\/sup>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Zhang%20D%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=32754163\">Dingyi Zhang<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Xu%20Z%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=32754163\">Zhenghao Xu<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Ji%20J%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=32754163\">Jinjun Ji<\/a>,<sup>*<\/sup>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Wen%20C%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=32754163\">Chengping Wen<\/a><sup>*<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:24px\">Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is the pathogen that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As of 25 May 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 has caused 347,192 deaths around the world. The current evidence showed that severely ill patients tend to have a high concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, compared to those who are moderately ill. The high level of cytokines also indicates a poor prognosis in COVID-19. Besides, excessive infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells, mainly involving macrophages and T-helper 17 cells, has been found in lung tissues of patients with COVID-19 by postmortem examination. Recently, increasing studies indicate that the \u201ccytokine storm\u201d may contribute to the mortality of COVID-19. Here, we summarize the clinical and pathologic features of the cytokine storm in COVID-19. Our review shows that SARS-Cov-2 selectively induces a high level of IL-6 and results in the exhaustion of lymphocytes. The current evidence indicates that tocilizumab, an IL-6 inhibitor, is relatively effective and safe. Besides, corticosteroids, programmed cell death protein (PD)-1\/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition, cytokine-adsorption devices, intravenous immunoglobulin, and antimalarial agents could be potentially useful and reliable approaches to counteract cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">For More Information: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7365923\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7365923\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Authors: Yujun Tang,\u2020&nbsp;Jiajia Liu,\u2020&nbsp;Dingyi Zhang,&nbsp;Zhenghao Xu,&nbsp;Jinjun Ji,*&nbsp;and&nbsp;Chengping Wen* Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is the pathogen that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As of 25 May 2020, the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1191,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[107,836,252,260,293,307,461],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cytokine-storm-covid-19","category-immune-system","category-inflammation","category-interleukin","category-lung-disease","category-medications","category-programmed-cell-death"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1190","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1190"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1190\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1190"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}