{"id":1196,"date":"2021-07-28T19:19:24","date_gmt":"2021-07-28T19:19:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wp.cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/?p=1196"},"modified":"2021-07-28T19:19:24","modified_gmt":"2021-07-28T19:19:24","slug":"covid-19-cytokine-storm-the-anger-of-inflammation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/?p=1196","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 cytokine storm: The anger of inflammation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Authors: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Mahmudpour+M&amp;cauthor_id=32544563\">Mehdi Mahmudpour<\/a><sup>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32544563\/#affiliation-1\">1<\/a><\/sup>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Roozbeh+J&amp;cauthor_id=32544563\">Jamshid Roozbeh<\/a><sup>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32544563\/#affiliation-2\">2<\/a><\/sup>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Keshavarz+M&amp;cauthor_id=32544563\">Mohsen Keshavarz<\/a><sup>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32544563\/#affiliation-1\">1<\/a><\/sup>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Farrokhi+S&amp;cauthor_id=32544563\">Shokrollah Farrokhi<\/a><sup>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32544563\/#affiliation-3\">3<\/a><\/sup>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Nabipour+I&amp;cauthor_id=32544563\">Iraj Nabipour<\/a><sup>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32544563\/#affiliation-4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:24px\">Patients with COVID-19 who require ICU admission might have the cytokine storm. It is a state of out-of-control release of a variety of inflammatory cytokines. The molecular mechanism of the cytokine storm has not been explored extensively yet. The attachment of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as its cellular receptor, triggers complex molecular events that leads to hyperinflammation. Four molecular axes that may be involved in SARS-CoV-2 driven inflammatory cytokine overproduction are addressed in this work. The virus-mediated down-regulation of ACE2 causes a burst of inflammatory cytokine release through dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (ACE\/angiotensin II\/AT1R axis), attenuation of Mas receptor (ACE2\/MasR axis), increased activation of [des-Arg9]-bradykinin (ACE2\/bradykinin B1R\/DABK axis), and activation of the complement system including C5a and C5b-9 components. The molecular clarification of these axes will elucidate an array of therapeutic strategies to confront the cytokine storm in order to prevent and treat COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">For More Information: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32544563\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32544563\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Authors: Mehdi Mahmudpour\u00a01,\u00a0Jamshid Roozbeh\u00a02,\u00a0Mohsen Keshavarz\u00a01,\u00a0Shokrollah Farrokhi\u00a03,\u00a0Iraj Nabipour\u00a04 Patients with COVID-19 who require ICU admission might have the cytokine storm. It is a state of out-of-control release of a variety of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1197,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[661,760,107,252],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1196","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ace2-receptors","category-complement-system","category-cytokine-storm-covid-19","category-inflammation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1196","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1196"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1196\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}