{"id":2177,"date":"2021-08-15T16:49:34","date_gmt":"2021-08-15T16:49:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wp.cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/?p=2177"},"modified":"2021-08-15T16:49:34","modified_gmt":"2021-08-15T16:49:34","slug":"more-than-50-long-term-effects-of-covid-19-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/?p=2177","title":{"rendered":"More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Authors: Sandra Lopez-Leon<\/a>,\u00a0Talia Wegman-Ostrosky<\/a>,\u00a0Carol Perelman<\/a>,\u00a0Rosalinda Sepulveda<\/a>,\u00a0Paulina A. ebolledo<\/a>, <\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Angelica Cuapio<\/a>\u00a0&\u00a0Sonia Villapol<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Abstract<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

COVID-19 can involve persistence, sequelae, and other medical complications that last weeks to months after initial recovery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to identify studies assessing the long-term effects of COVID-19. LitCOVID and Embase were searched to identify articles with original data published before the 1st of January 2021, with a minimum of 100 patients. For effects reported in two or more studies, meta-analyses using a random-effects model were performed using the MetaXL software to estimate the pooled prevalence with 95% CI. PRISMA guidelines were followed. A total of 18,251 publications were identified, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of 55 long-term effects was estimated, 21 meta-analyses were performed, and 47,910 patients were included (age 17\u201387 years). The included studies defined long-COVID as ranging from 14 to 110 days post-viral infection. It was estimated that 80% of the infected patients with SARS-CoV-2 developed one or more long-term symptoms. The five most common symptoms were fatigue (58%), headache (44%), attention disorder (27%), hair loss (25%), and dyspnea (24%). Multi-disciplinary teams are crucial to developing preventive measures, rehabilitation techniques, and clinical management strategies with whole-patient perspectives designed to address long COVID-19 care.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was detected in China in December 2019. Since then, more than 175 million people worldwide have been infected after a year, and over 3.8 million people have died from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)1<\/a><\/sup>. Although unprecedented efforts from the scientific and medical community have been directed to sequence, diagnose, treat, and prevent COVID-19, individuals’ lasting effects after the acute phase of the disease are yet to be revealed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The terminology has been confusing and not standardized. Different authors have used several terms to describe prolonged symptoms following COVID-19 illness, such as \u201cLong COVID-19\u201d, \u201cpost-acute COVID-19\u201d, \u201cpersistent COVID-19 symptoms\u201d, \u201cchronic COVID-19\u201d, \u201cpost-COVID-19 manifestations\u201d, \u201clong-term COVID-19 effects\u201d, \u201cpost COVID-19 syndrome\u201d, \u201congoing COVID-19\u201d, \u201clong-term sequelae\u201d, or \u201clong-haulers\u201d as synonyms. Most recently, the term \u201cpost-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection\u201d (PASC), \u201clong-COVID-19\u201d, and \u201cpost-acute COVID-19\u201d, has been utilized2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Symptoms, signs, or abnormal clinical parameters persisting two or more weeks after COVID-19 onset that do not return to a healthy baseline can potentially be considered long-term effects of the disease3<\/a><\/sup>. Although such alteration is mainly reported in severe and critical disease survivors, the lasting effects also occur in individuals with a mild infection who did not require hospitalization4<\/a><\/sup>. However, it has not yet been established how sex, gender, age, ethnicity, underlying health conditions, viral dose, or progression of COVID-19 significantly affect the risk of developing long-term effects of COVID-195<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since first reported, there has been a vast amount of social media patient groups, polls, comments, and scientific articles aiming to describe the chronicity of COVID-19. In parallel, hundreds of scientific publications, including cohorts studying specific effects of the disease and lists of case reports, have been described6<\/a><\/sup>. However, a broad overview of all the possible longstanding effects of COVID-19 is still needed. Therefore, our study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed studies to estimate the prevalence of all the symptoms, signs, or abnormal laboratory parameters extending beyond the acute phase of COVID-19 reported to date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For More Information: https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-95565-8<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Authors: Sandra Lopez-Leon,\u00a0Talia Wegman-Ostrosky,\u00a0Carol Perelman,\u00a0Rosalinda Sepulveda,\u00a0Paulina A. ebolledo, Angelica Cuapio\u00a0&\u00a0Sonia Villapol Abstract COVID-19 can involve persistence, sequelae, and other medical complications that last weeks to months after initial recovery. This […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2178,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101,289,290,314],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2177","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19","category-long-haul-disease","category-long-term-effects","category-meta-analysis"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2177","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2177"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2177\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2178"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2177"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2177"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2177"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}