{"id":2230,"date":"2021-08-16T15:54:06","date_gmt":"2021-08-16T15:54:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wp.cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/?p=2230"},"modified":"2021-08-16T15:54:06","modified_gmt":"2021-08-16T15:54:06","slug":"what-is-oc43","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/?p=2230","title":{"rendered":"What is OC43?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Authors: By\u00a0Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc.<\/a>Reviewed by\u00a0Emily Henderson, B.Sc.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an effort to further understand and predict the health effects that can arise following infection by SARS-CoV-2, which is the infection that causes the disease COVID-19, many researchers have reevaluated the pathogenesis associated with\u00a0coronaviruses<\/a>\u00a0that have already been identified. One type of coronavirus that has infected individuals around the world is HCoV-OC43.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A history of coronaviruses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In 1965, the first human coronavirus (HCoV) strain, which was eventually named B814, was identified from a patient\u2019s nasal discharge. Since then, over 30 different HCoV strains have been isolated, the most notable of which include HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HLU1, and HCoV-0C43.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to the aforementioned human-infecting coronavirus strains, several highly pathogenic zoonotic strains such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) of 2002, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) of 2011 and the novel coronavirus COVID-19 that has, as of June 18, 2020, infected 8.24 million people and claimed the lives of over 446,000 thousand individuals around the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Classification of HCoV-OC43<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Within the virus order of Nidiovirules <\/em>is the suborder of Cornidovirineae<\/em>. Within Cornidovirineae <\/em>are two subfamilies known as Letovirinae <\/em>and Orthocoronairinae.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

All coronaviruses are within the subfamily of Orthocornavirinae<\/em>; however, specific coronavirus strains can be further classified into one of four genera including Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus,<\/em> and Deltacoronavirus. <\/em>Whereas HCoV and HCoV-NL63 are found in the Alphacoronavirus <\/em>genus, HCoV-OC43, as well as HCoV-HKU1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are all classified within the Betacoronavirus <\/em>genus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How does HCoV-OC43 enter cells?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The entry of HCoV-OC43 into human cells is largely achieved through the caveolin-1-dependent pathway of endocytosis; however, virus-containing vesicles at the cell surface can also undergo scission to also penetrate human cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notably, while host factors like interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) often prevent the entry of coronaviruses like HCoV-229E, -NL63, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV from entering cells through its various antiviral functions, IFITM2 and IFITM3 promote the entry and subsequent infection of HCoV-OC43 into human cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For More Information: https:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/health\/What-is-OC43.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Authors: By\u00a0Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc.Reviewed by\u00a0Emily Henderson, B.Sc. In an effort to further understand and predict the health effects that can arise following infection by SARS-CoV-2, which is the infection that […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2231,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101,590,658],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19","category-transmission","category-zoonotic-transmission"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2230"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2230\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2231"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}