{"id":2363,"date":"2021-08-18T16:43:33","date_gmt":"2021-08-18T16:43:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wp.cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/?p=2363"},"modified":"2021-08-18T16:43:33","modified_gmt":"2021-08-18T16:43:33","slug":"potential-mechanisms-of-cerebrovascular-diseases-in-covid-19-patients","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/?p=2363","title":{"rendered":"Potential mechanisms of cerebrovascular diseases in COVID-19 patients"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Authors: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Lou+M&amp;cauthor_id=33534131\">Manxue Lou<\/a><sup>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33534131\/#affiliation-1\">1<\/a><\/sup>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Yuan+D&amp;cauthor_id=33534131\">Dezhi Yuan<\/a><sup>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33534131\/#affiliation-2\">2<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33534131\/#affiliation-3\">3<\/a><\/sup>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Liao+S&amp;cauthor_id=33534131\">Shengtao Liao<\/a><sup>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33534131\/#affiliation-4\">4<\/a><\/sup>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Tong+L&amp;cauthor_id=33534131\">Linyan Tong<\/a><sup>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33534131\/#affiliation-1\">1<\/a><\/sup>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Li+J&amp;cauthor_id=33534131\">Jinfang Li<\/a><sup>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33534131\/#affiliation-5\">5<\/a><\/sup>Affiliations\u00a0expand<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:24px\">Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2019, it is gaining worldwide attention at the moment. Apart from respiratory manifestations, neurological dysfunction in COVID-19 patients, especially the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), has been intensively investigated. In this review, the effects of COVID-19 infection on CVD were summarized as follows: (I) angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) may be involved in the attack on vascular endothelial cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), leading to endothelial damage and increased subintimal inflammation, which are followed by hemorrhage or thrombosis; (II) SARS-CoV-2 could alter the expression\/activity of ACE2, consequently resulting in the disruption of renin-angiotensin system which is associated with the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis; (III) upregulation of neutrophil extracellular traps has been detected in COVID-19 patients, which is closely associated with immunothrombosis; (IV) the inflammatory cascade induced by SARS-CoV-2 often leads to hypercoagulability and promotes the formation and progress of atherosclerosis; (V) antiphospholipid antibodies are also detected in plasma of some severe cases, which aggravate the thrombosis through the formation of immune complexes; (VI) hyperglycemia in COVID-19 patients may trigger CVD by increasing oxidative stress and blood viscosity; (VII) the COVID-19 outbreak is a global emergency and causes psychological stress, which could be a potential risk factor of CVD as coagulation, and fibrinolysis may be affected. In this review, we aimed to further our understanding of CVD-associated COVID-19 infection, which could improve the therapeutic outcomes of patients. Personalized treatments should be offered to COVID-19 patients at greater risk for stroke in future clinical practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">For More Information: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33534131\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33534131\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Authors: Manxue Lou\u00a01,\u00a0Dezhi Yuan\u00a02\u00a03,\u00a0Shengtao Liao\u00a04,\u00a0Linyan Tong\u00a01,\u00a0Jinfang Li\u00a05Affiliations\u00a0expand Abstract Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2019, it is gaining worldwide attention at the moment. Apart from respiratory manifestations, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2364,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[661,685,699,78,109,144,173,225,252,365,552],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ace2-receptors","category-antiphospholipid-antibodies","category-atherosclerosis","category-cerebrovascular-disease","category-deep-vein-thrombosis","category-endothelium","category-fibrinolysis","category-hyperglycemia","category-inflammation","category-neurologic-effects","category-stroke-clots-bleeds"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2363","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2363"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2363\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}