PUBLISHED THU, AUG 19 20211:44 PM EDTUPDATED THU, AUG 19 20216:27 PM EDT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Authors: Berkeley Lovelace Jr.<\/a>@BERKELEYJR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n KEY POINTS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Scientists sharply criticized the Biden administration\u2019s push to widely distribute Covid-19 vaccine booster shots in the U.S. next month, saying the data provided by federal health officials this week wasn\u2019t compelling enough to recommend third shots to most of the American population right now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n U.S. health leaders say they are preparing to offer booster shots to all eligible Americans beginning the week of Sept. 20. The plan,\u00a0outlined Wednesday<\/a>\u00a0by CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky, acting FDA Commissioner Dr. Janet Woodcock, White House chief medical advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci and other health officials, calls for a third dose eight months after people get their second shot of either the\u00a0Pfizer<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0Moderna<\/a>\u00a0vaccines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n They cited three new studies, released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, that showed their protection against Covid<\/a> diminished over several months. One study in New York from May 3 through July 25 showed that vaccine protection against infection dropped from around 92% to 80%. Another study by the Mayo Clinic showed that Pfizer\u2019s vaccine efficacy fell from around 76% to 42% while Moderna\u2019s declined from 86% to 76%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cTaken together, you can see that while the exact percentage of vaccine effectiveness over time differs depending on the cohort and settings study, the data consistently demonstrate a reduction of vaccine effectiveness against infection over time,\u201d Walensky told reporters during a White House Covid press briefing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n But scientists and other health experts said the data they cited wasn\u2019t compelling, characterizing the administration\u2019s push for boosters as premature. While the data did suggest there was a reduction in protection against mild and moderate disease, the two-dose vaccines still held up well against severe disease and hospitalizations, scientists said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For example, the New York study released by the CDC showed there were 9,675 infections among fully vaccinated adults, compared with 38,505 infections among unvaccinated adults during the period examined. Among the fully vaccinated people who were infected, 1,271 were hospitalized, accounting for roughly 15% of all Covid hospitalizations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cPeople are still highly protected against severe disease, hospitalization, and death. This is what vaccines are supposed to do,\u201d said Dr. Anna Durbin, a vaccine researcher at Johns Hopkins University. \u201cIf we start seeing significant upticks of more severe disease and hospitalizations in vaccinated people, that would be a signal to consider boosters.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n The body\u2019s immune system is complex, Durbin said. While the presence of antibodies induced by the vaccine may decline, resulting in a rise in breakthrough infections, the body has other mechanisms, like T cells, that may protect someone from getting seriously sick, she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cThe data are showing that yes, we are seeing breakthrough infections but, the infections are mild or moderate colds,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n To be sure, federal health officials said the vaccines are still holding up against severe disease over time, even as their ability to prevent infections declines. They said, based on their latest assessment, \u201cthe current protection against severe disease, hospitalization, and death could diminish in the months ahead, especially among those who are at higher risk or were vaccinated during the earlier phases of the vaccination rollout.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n There are some groups in the U.S. who would benefit from a third dose right now, according to Dr. Archana Chatterjee, a member of the Food and Drug Administration\u2019s Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Data does support the need for booster doses primarily among those who are moderate to severely immunocompromised, Chatterjee said. Federal health officials on Friday approved giving booster shots to such people \u2013 which include cancer and HIV patients and people who have had organ transplants \u2013 after data suggested they don\u2019t produce an adequate immune response after getting two doses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n As of now, \u201cbreakthrough infections in the general public tend to be asymptomatic or mild,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n People who are 65 or older or living in a long-term care facility may also benefit from a booster shot, said Dr. Isaac Bogoch, an infectious disease specialist at the University of Toronto,<\/p>\n\n\n\n Israel, a country U.S. officials have also cited in their push for boosters, has begun giving out third doses to the elderly after new data showed a reduction in the effectiveness of Pfizer\u2019s Covid vaccine against severe illness among people 65 and older who were fully vaccinated in January or February.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cDo we all need a third dose of a vaccine right now? No, we don\u2019t. Do some people need a third dose of a vaccine right now? Yes. Will we need a third dose of a vaccine in the near future? Maybe,\u201d Bogoch said in a phone interview.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Priya Sampathkumar, an epidemiologist at the Mayo Clinic, agreed, saying a booster could be needed for the general public in the future, but not right now. \u201cThere isn\u2019t enough data to support the third booster for all at this point,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Lawrence Gostin, director of the World Health Organization\u2019s Collaborating Center on National and Global Health Law, said federal health officials should put their focus elsewhere: the unvaccinated, both in the U.S. and around the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Earlier this month, the WHO asked wealthy nations to stop distributing booster shots until at least the end of September to give poorer countries the chance to vaccinate their populations with the first rounds of shots. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Shortly after the U.S. announced its booster plan, the international agency condemned wealthy nations that support boosters for the general public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cBoosting the entire U.S. population while poor people are dying in poor countries is tone-deaf and is widely viewed as uncaring,\u201d Gostin said. \u201cIt\u2019s also a slap in the face to WHO after it called for a booster moratorium.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy defended the administration\u2019s booster plan on CNBC on Wednesday<\/a>, saying health officials decided to give boosters to the general public at the eight-month mark as a way \u201cto stay ahead of this virus.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n