{"id":9924,"date":"2024-09-18T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-18T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/?p=9924"},"modified":"2024-06-29T11:15:58","modified_gmt":"2024-06-29T16:15:58","slug":"does-covid-19-increase-the-risk-of-subsequent-kidney-diseases-more-than-influenza-a-retrospective-cohort-study-using-real-world-data-in-the-united-states","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/?p=9924","title":{"rendered":"Does COVID-19 Increase the Risk of Subsequent Kidney Diseases More Than Influenza? A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Real-World Data In the United States"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Yue\u00a0Zhang,\u00a0Nasrollah\u00a0Ghahramani,\u00a0Vernon M.\u00a0Chinchilli,\u00a0Djibril M.\u00a0Ba<strong>doi:<\/strong>\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.06.27.24309556<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-2\">Background: Although case reports and observational studies suggest Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases the risk of kidney diseases, definitive real-world evidence, especially in comparison with influenza, is lacking. Our study aims to assess the association between COVID-19 infections and subsequent kidney diseases, using influenza as a positive control and incorporating a negative control to establish clearer associations. Methods: A large retrospective cohort study with strata matching was conducted using the MarketScan database with records from Jan. 2020 to Dec. 2021. We used the international classification of 10th revision (ICD-10) codes to identify individuals and build three cohorts, (1) COVID-19 group, with index dates as the diagnosis dates of COVID-19; (2) Influenza but no COVID-19 (positive control) group, with index dates as the diagnosis dates of Influenza; and (3) no COVID-19 \/ Influenza (negative control) group, with randomly assigned index dates between Jan. 2020 to Dec. 2021. The main outcomes were acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). To evaluate the association between COVID-19 and the new onset of kidney diseases relative to both control groups, we employed multivariable stratified Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results: The study included 939,241 individuals with COVID-19, 1,878,482 individuals in the negative control group, and 199,071 individuals with influenza. After adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and medication histories, COVID-19 was significantly associated with increased risks of AKI (adjusted hazards ratio, aHR: 2.74, 2.61-2.87), CKD (aHR: 1.38, 1.32-1.45), and ESRD (aHR, 3.22; 95% CI, 2.67-3.88), while influenza was associated with a modestly increased risk of AKI (aHR: 1.24, 1.11-1.38) and had no impact on CKD (aHR: 1.03, 0.92-1.14), and ESRD (aHR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.55-1.29). Time-specific analyses indicated that while the HR for AKI declined from 0-180 days to 0-540 days, the HR for CKD and ESRD remained stable, with COVID-19&#8217;s risk surpassing influenza&#8217;s risk throughout follow-up. Exploratory analysis also found significant impacts of COVID-19 on glomerular diseases (aHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.09-1.50). Conclusion: In this large real-world study, COVID-19 infections were associated with a 2.3-fold risk of developing AKI, a 1.4-fold risk of CKD, and a 4.7-fold risk of ESRD compared to influenza. Greater attention needs to be paid to kidney diseases in individuals after contracting COVID-19 to prevent future adverse health outcomes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yue\u00a0Zhang,\u00a0Nasrollah\u00a0Ghahramani,\u00a0Vernon M.\u00a0Chinchilli,\u00a0Djibril M.\u00a0Badoi:\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.06.27.24309556 Abstract Background: Although case reports and observational studies suggest Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases the risk of kidney diseases, definitive real-world evidence, especially in comparison with influenza, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9926,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[269],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kidney"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9924","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9924"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9924\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9925,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9924\/revisions\/9925"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9924"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9924"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cov19longhaulfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}