Summary CD4+ T cells help B cells to produce antibodies and help CD8+ T cells to kill virus-infected cells One of the dominant cytokines produced by T cells is interferon […]
T cell responses in patients with COVID-19
The role of T cells in the resolution or exacerbation of COVID-19, as well as their potential to provide long-term protection from reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, remains debated. Nevertheless, recent studies […]
Understanding How COVID-19 Vaccines Work
How COVID-19 Vaccines Work COVID-19 vaccines help our bodies develop immunity to the virus that causes COVID-19 without us having to get the illness. Different types of vaccines work in […]
Immune T Cells May Offer Lasting Protection Against COVID-19
Much of the study on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19, has focused on the production of antibodies. But, in fact, immune cells known as memory […]
COVID-19 Attacks Endothelial Cells
The pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2 can enter the body via cells in the nose to cause the illness COVID-19. But we know now that it doesn’t stop there. Clinicians and scientists have found […]
The Specter of Endothelial Injury in COVID-19
Studies signal that damage to the endothelium—cells that cover blood vessels like wallpaper—could underpin the thrombosis and inflammation induced by coronavirus infection. The endothelium as a common theme in COVID-19 […]
COVID-19: towards understanding of pathogenesis
Since the end of 2019, COVID-19 has caused considerable mortality and morbidity worldwide, and become a priority of the global society. Better understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19 will provide important […]
Spike Proteins, COVID-19, and Vaccines
A recent study looks at the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, showing that they can cause some of the harm of COVID-19 by themselves. This is an important advance in […]
Simplifying Covid-19 Into One Mechanism: The Epithelial-endothelial Crosstalk
The Multifaceted Covid-19 We see all imaginable symptoms with Covid-19, which is supposed to be a pneumonia disease. Yet Covid-19 can affect the brain, peripheral nerves, olfaction, taste, throat, thyroid, liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, spleen, semen, skin, blood vessels, toes, and probably more to […]
COVID-19 Autopsies Put Endothelial Damage, Angiogenesis in the Spotlight
More autopsy reports on COVID-19 patients, some from the United States, are helping researchers piece together a picture of a virus that damages endothelial cells, causing a clotting disorder that […]