Category: CD4

Potential molecular mechanisms of chronic fatigue in long haul COVID and other viral diseases

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Carl Gunnar Gottschalk, Daniel Peterson, Jan Armstrong, Konstance Knox & Avik Roy  Infectious Agents and Cancer volume 18, Article number: 7 (2023) Cite this article, A Correction to this article was published on 24 April 2023 Abstract Historically, COVID-19 emerges as one of the most devastating diseases of humankind, which creates an unmanageable health crisis worldwide. Until now, this disease costs millions of lives and continues to paralyze […]

Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

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Authors: Alessandro Sette1,2 and Shane Crotty1,2,* 1Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA92037, USA SUMMARYThe adaptive immune system is important for control of most viral […]

Pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2: the knowns and unknowns

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Authors: Alessandro Sette 1 2, Shane Crotty 3 4 Abstract T cell reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 was observed in unexposed people; however, the source and clinical relevance of the reactivity remains unknown. It is speculated that this reflects T cell memory to circulating ‘common cold’ coronaviruses. It will be important to define specificities of these T cells and assess their association […]

Use of adenovirus type-5 vectored vaccines: a cautionary tale

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Authors: The Lancet We are writing to express concern about the use of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 (Ad5) vector for a COVID-19 phase 1 vaccine study,1 and subsequent advanced trials. Over a decade ago, we completed the Step and Phambili phase 2b studies that evaluated an Ad5 vectored HIV-1 vaccine administered in three immunizations for efficacy […]

What is the role of T cells in COVID-19 infection? Why immunity is about more than antibodies

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Summary CD4+ T cells help B cells to produce antibodies and help CD8+ T cells to kill virus-infected cells One of the dominant cytokines produced by T cells is interferon gamma, a key player in controlling viral infection – see also [41] Lymphopenia is a main feature of COVID-19 infection, affecting CD4+ T cells, CD8+ […]