SARS-CoV-2-Specific Memory T Lymphocytes From COVID-19 Convalescent Donors: Identification, Biobanking, and Large-Scale Production for Adoptive Cell Therapy


Authors: C. Ferreras1†, B. Pascual-Miguel1†, C. Mestre-Durán1, A. Navarro-Zapata1, L. Clares-Villa1, C. Martín-Cortázar1, R. De Paz2, A. Marcos2, J. L. Vicario3, A. Balas3, F. García-Sánchez3, C. Eguizabal4,5, C. Solano6, M. Mora-Rillo7, B. Soria8,9 and A. Pérez-Martínez1,10,11* Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is causing a second outbreak significantly delaying the hope for the virus’ complete eradication. In the absence of effective vaccines, we need effective treatments with low adverse effects that can […]

COVID‐19: immunopathology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment options


Authors: Larissa E van Eijk, 1 , † Mathijs Binkhorst, 2 , † Arno R Bourgonje, 3 , ‡ Annette K Offringa, 4 , ‡ Douwe J Mulder, 5 Eelke M Bos, 6 Nikola Kolundzic, 7 , 8 Amaal E Abdulle, 5 Peter HJ van der Voort, 9 Marcel GM Olde Rikkert, 10 Johannes G van der Hoeven, 11 Wilfred FA den Dunnen, 1 Jan‐Luuk Hillebrands, 1 , § and Harry van Goor 1 , § Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), continues […]

What is cytokine release syndrome?


Authors: Medical News Today Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) can cause a variety of symptoms, including fever, headaches, and nausea. The symptoms can become severe quickly. CRS occurs when the immune system responds too aggressively to an infection. It can also happen as a result of some types of immunotherapy. Treatments for CRS typically involve reducing the […]

Cytokine Storm in COVID-19—Immunopathological Mechanisms, Clinical Considerations, and Therapeutic Approaches: The REPROGRAM Consortium Position Paper


Authors: Sonu Bhaskar,1,2,3,* Akansha Sinha,1,4 Maciej Banach,1,5,6,7 Shikha Mittoo,1,8 Robert Weissert,1,9 Joseph S. Kass,1,10 Santhosh Rajagopal,1,11 Anupama R. Pai,1,12 and Shelby Kutty1,13,14 Cytokine storm is an acute hyperinflammatory response that may be responsible for critical illness in many conditions including viral infections, cancer, sepsis, and multi-organ failure. The phenomenon has been implicated in critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus implicated in […]

Long-COVID syndrome-associated brain fog and chemofog: Luteolin to the rescue


Authors: Theoharis C Theoharides 1 2 3 4 5, Christos Cholevas 5, Konstantinos Polyzoidis 5, Antonios Politis 6 COVID‐19 leads to severe respiratory problems, but also to long‐COVID syndrome associated primarily with cognitive dysfunction and fatigue. Long‐COVID syndrome symptoms, especially brain fog, are similar to those experienced by patients undertaking or following chemotherapy for cancer (chemofog or chemobrain), as well in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue […]

COVID-19 ‘brain fog’ inspires search for causes and treatments


Authors: Kelly Servick The true prevalence of cognitive problems in COVID-19 survivors is elusive, and the underlying causes of lingering symptoms are the subject of ongoing studies. But it’s now clear that trouble thinking, concentrating, and remembering can be among the most debilitating “long-haul” symptoms and can persist for months. As more and more people seek […]

Long Covid and Brain Fog


Authors: Adam Brown   BScPT   MClScPT   FCAMPT Registered Physiotherapist Brain fog can take several different forms and each patient’s description and experience is unique. It involves an alteration in the person’s capacity for cognition or in lay terms, difficulty with concentration, attention and thinking tasks. Environments with complex stimuli such as a moving car, or watching […]

COVID‐19: immunopathology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment options


Authors: Larissa E van Eijk, 1 , † Mathijs Binkhorst, 2 , † Arno R Bourgonje, 3 , ‡ Annette K Offringa, 4 , ‡ Douwe J Mulder, 5 Eelke M Bos, 6 Nikola Kolundzic, 7 , 8 Amaal E Abdulle, 5 Peter HJ van der Voort, 9 Marcel GM Olde Rikkert, 10 Johannes G van der Hoeven, 11 Wilfred FA den Dunnen, 1 Jan‐Luuk Hillebrands, 1 , § and Harry van Goor Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), continues to […]