Resolving “Long-Haul COVID” and Vaccine Toxicity: Neutralizing the Spike Protein


Authors: Dr. Thomas E. Levy, MD, JD July 1, 2021 Although the mainstream media outlets might have you believe otherwise, the vaccines that continue to be administered for the COVID pandemic are emerging as substantial sources of morbidity and mortality themselves. While the degree to which these negative outcomes of the COVID vaccines can be debated, […]

Long covid—mechanisms, risk factors, and management


Authors: Harry Crook, research assistant1,  Sanara Raza, research assistant1,  Joseph Nowell, research assistant1,  Megan Young, clinical research officer1,  Paul Edison, clinical senior lecturer, honorary professor12 Abstract Since its emergence in Wuhan, China, covid-19 has spread and had a profound effect on the lives and health of people around the globe. As of 4 July 2021, […]

COVID-19 – A vascular disease


Authors: Hasan K. Siddiqi,a,bPeter Libby,a,⁎ and Paul M Ridkera,b Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to multi-system dysfunction with emerging evidence suggesting that SARS-CoV-2-mediated endothelial injury is an important effector of the virus. Potential therapies that address vascular system dysfunction and its sequelae may have an important role in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection and its […]

Bell’s Palsy as a Late Neurologic Manifestation of COVID-19 Infection


Authors: Ibiyemi O. Oke, Olubunmi O. Oladunjoye, Adeolu O. Oladunjoye, Anish Paudel, Ryan Zimmerman Abstract Bell’s palsy is acute peripheral facial nerve palsy; its cause is often unknown but it can be triggered by acute viral infection. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection commonly presents with respiratory symptoms, but neurologic complications have been reported. A few studies have reported the […]

How COVID-19 Affects the Brain


Authors: Maura Boldrini, MD, PhD1,2; Peter D. Canoll, MD, PhD3; Robyn S. Klein, MD, PhD4,5,6 COVID-19 has resulted in more than 120 million cases and 2.6 million deaths to date. Respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms are accompanied by short- and long-term neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPs) and long-term brain sequelae. Some patients present with anosmia, cognitive and attention deficits (ie, brain fog), new-onset anxiety, depression, psychosis, […]

COVID-19: an update and cardiac involvement


Authors: Nizar R. Alwaqfi & Khalid S. Ibrahim  Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects host cells through angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors, leading to coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-related pneumonia, and also causing acute cardiac injury and chronic damage to the cardiovascular system. The purpose of this review is primarily reviewing the COVID-19 disease, including pathogen, […]

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) – anatomic pathology perspective on current knowledge


Authors: Sambit K. Mohanty, Abhishek Satapathy, Machita M. Naidu, Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, Shivani Sharma, Lisa M. Barton, Edana Stroberg, Eric J. Duval, Dinesh Pradhan, Alexandar Tzankov & Anil V. Parwani  Abstract Background The world is currently witnessing a major devastating pandemic of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). This disease is caused by a novel coronavirus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It primarily affects the respiratory tract and […]

SARS-CoV-2 Infects the Brain Choroid Plexus and Disrupts the Blood-CSF Barrier in Human Brain Organoids


Authors: Laura Pellegrini 1, Anna Albecka 1, Donna L Mallery 1, Max J Kellner 1, David Paul 1, Andrew P Carter 1, Leo C James 1, Madeline A Lancaster 2 Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, leads to respiratory symptoms that can be fatal. However, neurological symptoms have also been observed in some patients. The cause of these complications is […]

Sars cov 2 drives jak1 2 dependent local complement hyperactivation


Authors: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present a wide range of acute clinical manifestations affecting the lungs, liver, kidneys and gut. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2, the best-characterized entry receptor for the disease-causing virus SARS-CoV-2, is highly expressed in the aforementioned tissues. However, the pathways that underlie the disease are still poorly understood. Here, […]

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated cell signaling in lung vascular cells


Authors: Yuichiro J. Suzuki,a,⁎ Sofia I. Nikolaienko,b Vyacheslav A. Dibrova,b Yulia V. Dibrova,b Volodymyr M. Vasylyk,c Mykhailo Y. Novikov,d Nataliia V. Shults,a and Sergiy G. Gychkab Currently, the world is suffering from the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor to enter the host cells. So […]