Category: Acute Respiratory Distress

The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a narrative review

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Authors: Shiqian Huang, Shuai Zhao, Huilin Luo, Zhouyang Wu, Jing Wu, Haifa Xia & Xiangdong Chen BMC Pulmonary Medicine volume 21, Article number: 116 (2021) Abstract Extracorporeal life support treatments such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have been recommended for the treatment of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To date, many countries, including China, have adopted ECMO as a treatment for […]

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

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Authors: Joseph S.M. Peiris, M.D., D.Phil., Kwok Y. Yuen, M.D., Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus, Ph.D., and Klaus Stöhr, Ph.D. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is responsible for the first pandemic of the 21st century. Within months after its emergence in Guangdong Province in mainland China, it had affected more than 8000 patients and caused 774 deaths in 26 […]

Pathophysiology of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: a systematic literature review to inform EULAR points to consider

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Authors: Aurélie Najm1, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-5640Alessia Alunno2, Xavier Mariette3,4, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6612-7336Benjamin Terrier5,6, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2406-161XGabriele De Marco7,8, Jenny Emmel9, Laura Mason9, Dennis G McGonagle7,10 and http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8411-7972Pedro M Machado11,12,13 Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a global health problem. Beside the specific pathogenic effect of SARS-CoV-2, incompletely understood deleterious and aberrant host immune responses play critical roles in severe disease. Our objective was to summarise the available information on the pathophysiology […]

COVID-19 pathophysiology: A review

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Authors: COVID-19 pathophysiology: A review Koichi Yuki,⁎ Miho Fujiogi, and Sophia Koutsogiannaki Abstract In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, now named as SARS-CoV-2, caused a series of acute atypical respiratory diseases in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The disease caused by this virus was termed COVID-19. The virus is transmittable between humans and has caused pandemic worldwide. The […]

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19: A Scoping Review and Meta-analysis

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Authors: Mehdi Jafari-Oori 1, Fatemeh Ghasemifard 2, Abbas Ebadi 3, Leila Karimi 3, Farshid Rahimi-Bashar 4, Tannaz Jamialahmadi 5 6, Paul C Guest 7, Amir Vahedian-Azimi 8, Amirhossein Sahebkar 9 10 11 12 Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a fatal complication of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19 disease. This scoping review was carried out with international, peer-reviewed research studies and gray literature published up to July 2020 in […]

Hypercoagulability in COVID-19: A review of the potential mechanisms underlying clotting disorders

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Authors: Walid Alam Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has emerged as a new viral pandemic, causing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) leading to a wide array of symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe respiratory failure. However, coagulation disorders have been found in some patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, leading to either a clotting disorder or hemorrhage. Several […]

Endothelial dysfunction contributes to COVID-19-associated vascular inflammation and coagulopathy

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Authors: Jun Zhang 1, Kristen M Tecson 1, Peter A McCullough 1 2 3 Great attention has been paid to endothelial dysfunction (ED) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is growing evidence to suggest that the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2 receptor) is expressed on endothelial cells (ECs) in the lung, heart, kidney, and intestine, particularly in systemic vessels (small and […]

Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: Current findings and therapeutic implications

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Authors: Matthias P Nägele 1, Bernhard Haubner 1, Felix C Tanner 1, Frank Ruschitzka 1, Andreas J Flammer 2 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases the risk of several non-pulmonary complications such as acute myocardial injury, renal failure or thromboembolic events. A possible unifying explanation for these phenomena may be the presence of profound endothelial dysfunction and injury. This review provides an overview on the […]

Cytokine Storm in COVID-19—Immunopathological Mechanisms, Clinical Considerations, and Therapeutic Approaches: The REPROGRAM Consortium Position Paper

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Authors: Sonu Bhaskar,1,2,3,* Akansha Sinha,1,4 Maciej Banach,1,5,6,7 Shikha Mittoo,1,8 Robert Weissert,1,9 Joseph S. Kass,1,10 Santhosh Rajagopal,1,11 Anupama R. Pai,1,12 and Shelby Kutty1,13,14 Cytokine storm is an acute hyperinflammatory response that may be responsible for critical illness in many conditions including viral infections, cancer, sepsis, and multi-organ failure. The phenomenon has been implicated in critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus implicated in […]