Runaway immune reactions cause long COVID breathing problems


Author: Christopher Vaughan, Stanford Medicine 2023 Stanford Medicine researchers have found a mechanism behind one of the most common symptoms of long COVID — shortness of breath. Post COVID-19 breathing problems are caused by a condition known as lung fibrosis, when damaged lungs form scar tissue, which makes it difficult for lungs to expand and […]

The intersection of COVID-19 and autoimmunity


Jason S. Knight,1 Roberto Caricchio,2 Jean-Laurent Casanova,3,4,5,6 Alexis J. Combes,7 Betty Diamond,8 Sharon E. Fox,9,10 David A. Hanauer,11 Judith A. James,12 Yogendra Kanthi,13 Virginia Ladd,14 Puja Mehta,15 Aaron M. Ring,16 Ignacio Sanz,17 Carlo Selmi,18,19 Russell P. Tracy,20 Paul J. Utz,21 Catriona A. Wagner,14 Julia Y. Wang,22 and William J. McCune1,Published October 28, 2021 – Free access | 10.1172/JCI154886 Acute COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is characterized by diverse clinical presentations, ranging from asymptomatic infection to fatal respiratory […]

Neurological manifestations of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: which liquid biomarker should we use?


Dominique Comeau1† Mykella Martin2† Gilles A. Robichaud3,4,5 Ludivine Chamard-Witkowski2,6*1Dr. Georges-L. Long COVID syndrome, also known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), is characterized by persistent symptoms lasting 3–12 weeks post SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients suffering from PASC can display a myriad of symptoms that greatly diminish quality of life, the most frequent being neuropsychiatric. Thus, there is an eminent need […]

Cutting Edge: Circulating Exosomes with COVID Spike Protein Are Induced by BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) Vaccination prior to Development of Antibodies: A Novel Mechanism for Immune Activation by mRNA Vaccines 


Sandhya Bansal; Sudhir Perincheri; Timothy Fleming; Christin Poulson;Brian Tiffany;Ross M. Bremner; Thalachallour Mohanakumar  J Immunol (2021) 207 (10): 2405–2410.https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2100637 Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. mRNA vaccines directed at the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein resulted in development of Abs and protective immunity. To determine the mechanism, we analyzed the kinetics […]

Potential molecular mechanisms of chronic fatigue in long haul COVID and other viral diseases


Carl Gunnar Gottschalk, Daniel Peterson, Jan Armstrong, Konstance Knox & Avik Roy  Infectious Agents and Cancer volume 18, Article number: 7 (2023) Cite this article, A Correction to this article was published on 24 April 2023 Abstract Historically, COVID-19 emerges as one of the most devastating diseases of humankind, which creates an unmanageable health crisis worldwide. Until now, this disease costs millions of lives and continues to paralyze […]

COVID-19 and emerging spinal cord complications: A systematic review


Ritwick Mondal,a Shramana Deb,b Gourav Shome,c Upasana Ganguly,a Durjoy Lahiri,a,d,⁎ and Julián Benito-Leóne,f,g,⁎⁎ Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021 Jun; 51: 102917.Published online 2021 Mar 21. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102917 PMCID: PMC7981271 PMID: 33845350 Abstract Background : Spinal cord complications associated with coronavirus infectious disease of 2019 (COVID-19) are being widely reported. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize so far available pieces of evidence documenting de novo novel severe […]

Spinal cord involvement in COVID-19: A review


Ravindra Kumar Garg,1 Vimal Kumar Paliwal,2 and Ankit Gupta2 J Spinal Cord Med. 2023; 46(3): 390–404. Published online 2021 Mar 11. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2021.1888022 PMCID: PMC10114972PMID: 33705268 Abstract Context: Recent literature points towards myelitis, like encephalitis, as a common central nervous system complication of COVID-19. This review elaborates on disorders of the spinal cord caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Objectives: To review the published data about […]

Alteration of the blood-brain barrier by COVID-19 and its implication in the permeation of drugs into the brain


Héctor Hernández-Parra1,2 Octavio Daniel Reyes-Hernández3 Gabriela Figueroa-González4 Manuel González-Del Carmen5 Maykel González-Torres6 Sheila I. Peña-Corona2 Benjamín Florán7 Hernán Cortés8* Gerardo Leyva-Gómez2* https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36998270/ Diverse neurological symptoms have been reported in patients with SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19), including stroke, ataxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and cognitive impairment. These alterations can cause serious sequelae or death and are associated with the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the Central Nervous System […]

Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: an overview of evidence, biomarkers, mechanisms and potential therapies


Suo-wen Xu, Iqra Ilyas & Jian-ping Weng Acta Pharmacologica Sinica volume 44, pages695–709 (2023) Nature Abstract The fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is still raging. However, the pathophysiology of acute and post-acute manifestations of COVID-19 (long COVID-19) is understudied. Endothelial cells are sentinels lining the innermost layer of blood vessel that gatekeep micro- and macro-vascular health by […]

Biodistribution of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in human breast milk


Nazeeh Hanna, Claudia Manzano De Mejia, Ari Heffes-Doon, Xinhua Lin, Bishoy Botros, Ellen Gurzenda, et al. September 19, 2023 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104800 Summary Background COVID-19 mRNA vaccines play a vital role in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, lactating women have been largely excluded from most vaccine clinical trials. As a result, limited research has been conducted […]