OPINION


Here’s how to detox from the COVID spike protein – from the jab or the virus Spike proteins can circulate in your body after infection or injection, causing damage to cells, tissues and organs, but the World Council for Health has compiled a list of medications to prevent this. Thu Dec 23, 2021 – 10:38 […]

Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19


Authors.Maximilian Ackermann, M.D., Stijn E. Verleden, Ph.D., Mark Kuehnel, Ph.D., Axel Haverich, M.D., Tobias Welte, M.D., Florian Laenger, M.D., Arno Vanstapel, Ph.D., Christopher Werlein, M.D., Helge Stark, Ph.D., Alexandar Tzankov, M.D., William W. Li, M.D., Vincent W. Li, M.D., et al. July 9, 2020 N Engl J Med 2020; 383:120-128 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2015432 Abstract BACKGROUND Progressive respiratory failure is the primary cause of death in the coronavirus disease […]

The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces endothelial inflammation through integrin α5β1 and NF-κB signaling


Authors: Juan Pablo Robles 1Magdalena Zamora 1Elva Adan-CastroLourdes Siqueiros-MarquezGonzalo Martinez de la EscaleraCarmen Clapp Open AccessDOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101695 Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) form a critical interface between blood and tissues that maintains whole-body homeostasis. In COVID-19, disruption of the EC barrier results in edema, vascular inflammation, and coagulation, hallmarks of this severe disease. However, the mechanisms by which ECs […]

COVID‐19‐induced endotheliitis: emerging evidence and possible therapeutic strategies


Authors: Eleonora Calabretta, 1 , 12 Jose M. Moraleda, 2 Massimo Iacobelli, 3 Ruben Jara, 4 Israel Vlodavsky, 5 Peter O’Gorman, 6 Antonio Pagliuca, 7 Clifton Mo, 8 Rebecca M. Baron, 9 Alessio Aghemo, 10 , 12 Robert Soiffer, 8 Jawed Fareed, 11 Carmelo Carlo‐Stella, 1 , 12 , * and Paul Richardson 8 , * Br J Haematol. 2021 Apr; 193(1): 43–51.Published online 2021 Feb 4.  doi:  10.1111/bjh.17240 PMCID:  PMC8014053PMID: 33538335 Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, a viral illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 […]

The coagulopathy, endotheliopathy, and vasculitis of COVID-19


Authors: Toshiaki Iba 1, Jean Marie Connors 2, Jerrold H Levy 3 PMID: 32918567 PMCID: PMC7486586 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01401-6 Abstract Background COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) characterized by the elevated D-dimer without remarkable changes of other global coagulation markers is associated with various thrombotic complications and disease severity. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the pathophysiology of this unique coagulopathy. Methods The authors performed […]

COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: An exploration of mechanisms


Authors: Meaghan E Colling 1, Yogendra Kanthi 2 PMID: 32558620 PMCID: PMC7306998 OI: 10.1177/1358863X20932640 Abstract An ongoing global pandemic of viral pneumonia (coronavirus disease [COVID-19]), due to the virus SARS-CoV-2, has infected millions of people and remains a threat to many more. Most critically ill patients have respiratory failure and there is an international effort to understand mechanisms and predictors of […]

Role of von Willebrand Factor in COVID-19 Associated Coagulopathy


Authors: Zhen W Mei, Xander M R van Wijk, Huy P Pham, Maximo J Marin The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine, Volume 6, Issue 5, September 2021, Pages 1305–1315,  https://doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfab042Published: 13 June 2021 Abstract Background COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) can present with symptoms ranging from none to severe. Thrombotic events occur […]

Elevated P-Selectin in Severe Covid-19: Considerations for Therapeutic Options


Authors: Chiara Agrati,1Veronica Bordoni,1Alessandra Sacchi,1Nicola Petrosillo,1Emanuele Nicastri,1Franca Del Nonno,1Gianpiero D’Offizi,1Fabrizio Palmieri,1Luisa Marchioni,1Maria Rosaria Capobianchi,1Andrea Antinori,1Giuseppe Ippolito,1 and Michele Bibas1 Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2021; 13(1): e2021016.Published online 2021 Mar 1.  doi:  10.4084/MJHID.2021.016 Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mainly a respiratory tract disease and acute respiratory failure with diffuse microvascular pulmonary thrombosis are critical aspects of […]

Close relatives of MERS-CoV in bats use ACE2 as their functional receptors


Authors: Qing Xiong,  View ORCID , , ei Cao,  Chengbao Ma,  Chen Liu, Junyu Si,  Peng Liu,  Mengxue Gu,  Chunli Wang, Lulu Shi, Fei Tong, Meiling Huang, Jing Li, Chufeng Zhao,  Chao Shen,   Yu Chen,   Huabin Zhao,  Ke Lan,  Xiangxi Wang,  Huan Yan Summary Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and several bat coronaviruses employ Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) as their functional receptors1–4. However, the receptor for NeoCoV, the closest MERS-CoV relative yet discovered in bats, remains enigmatic5. In this study, we unexpectedly found that […]

Endothelial thrombomodulin downregulation caused by hypoxia contributes to severe infiltration and coagulopathy in COVID-19 patient lungs


Authors: Taejoon Won, Megan K. Wood, David M. Hughes, Monica V. Talor, Zexu Ma Jowaly Schneider, et al. Published:January 12, 2022DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103812 Background Thromboembolism is a life-threatening manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated a dysfunctional phenotype of vascular endothelial cells in the lungs during COVID-19. Methods We obtained the lung specimens from the patients […]