Category: Cytokine Storm

What do we know about covid-19’s effects on the brain?

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BMJ 2024; 385 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q897 (Published 15 May 2024)Cite this as: BMJ 2024;385:q897 What are the neurological symptoms of covid-19? Covid may be primarily a respiratory infection, but a common symptom is “brain fog”—problems with memory or concentration—which can persist for weeks or months as part of long covid.1 And it’s not the only neurological effect. Giovanni Schifitto, professor of neurology at the […]

Cutting Edge: Hyperinflammatory Monocytes Expressing CD56 Abound in Severe COVID-19 Patients 

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Stefania Campana; Claudia De Pasquale; Giacomo Sidoti Migliore;, et. al. J Immunol (2022) 209 (4): 655–659. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2200021 Abstract Proinflammatory monocytes play a preponderant role in the development of a cytokine storm causing fatal consequences in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, highlighting the importance of analyzing in more detail monocyte distribution in these patients. In this study, […]

Endothelial cell damage is the central part of COVID-19 and a mouse model
induced by injection of the S1 subunit of the spike protein

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Authors: Gerard J. NuovoCynthia MagroToni ShafferHamdy AwadDavid SusterSheridan MikhailBing HeJean-Jacques MichailleBenjamin LiechtyEsmerina Tili Annals of Diagnostic Pathology ABS T R A C TNeurologic complications of symptomatic COVID-19 are common. Brain tissues from 13 autopsies of people who died of COVID-19 were examined. Cultured endothelial and neuronal cells were incubated with and wild type mice were […]

IL-13 decreases susceptibility to airway epithelial SARS-CoV-2 infection but increases disease severity in vivo

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Shreya Ghimire, Biyun Xue, Kun Li, Ryan M Gannon, et. al.doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.03.60194 Abstract Treatments available to prevent progression of virus-induced lung diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are of limited benefit once respiratory failure occurs. The efficacy of approved and emerging cytokine signaling-modulating antibodies is variable and is affected by disease course and patient-specific inflammation patterns. Therefore, understanding the role of inflammation on the […]

The knowns and unknowns of long COVID-19: from mechanisms to therapeutical approaches

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Roxana Gheorghita1,2Iuliana Soldanescu3Andrei Lobiuc2 , et. al., Front. Immunol., 03 March 2024, Sec. Viral Immunology, Volume 15 – 2024 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344086 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been defined as the greatest global health and socioeconomic crisis of modern times. While most people recover after being infected with the virus, a significant […]

Pathophysiological, immunological, and inflammatory features of long COVID

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Karen Bohmwald1,2†Benjamín Diethelm-Varela1†Linmar Rodríguez-Guilarte1 , et. al., Front. Immunol., 27 February 2024, Sec. Viral Immunology, Volume 15 – 2024 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341600 The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause severe global disruption, resulting in significant excess mortality, overwhelming healthcare systems, and imposing substantial social and economic burdens on nations. While most of the attention and therapeutic efforts have […]

Improvement of immune dysregulation in individuals with long COVID at 24-months following SARS-CoV-2 infection

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Chansavath Phetsouphanh, Brendan Jacka, et. al., Nature Communications volume 15, Article number: 3315 (2024) Abstract This study investigates the humoral and cellular immune responses and health-related quality of life measures in individuals with mild to moderate long COVID (LC) compared to age and gender matched recovered COVID-19 controls (MC) over 24 months. LC participants show elevated nucleocapsid IgG levels at 3 months, […]

Are we treating long COVID wrong? Immune-boosting treatment takes new approach

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Coronavirus data All data and statistics are based on publicly available data at the time of publication. Some information may be out of date. Visit our coronavirus hub for the most recent information on COVID-19. Was this helpful? A monoclonal antibody treatment called leronlimab could reduce long COVID symptoms in some patients, according to a recent pilot study published in the […]

Severe COVID-19 May Lead to Long-Term Innate Immune System Changes

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NIH-Funded Research Links Alterations to Inflammatory Protein, Underscores Vaccine Importance August 18, 2023 Severe COVID-19 may cause long-lasting alterations to the innate immune system, the first line of defense against pathogens, according to a small study funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health. These changes […]

Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: an overview of evidence, biomarkers, mechanisms and potential therapies

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Suo-wen Xu, Iqra Ilyas & Jian-ping Weng  Acta Pharmacologica Sinica volume 44, pages695–709 (2023) Cite this article 17 October 2022 Abstract The fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is still raging. However, the pathophysiology of acute and post-acute manifestations of COVID-19 (long COVID-19) is understudied. Endothelial cells are sentinels lining the innermost layer of blood vessel that […]