Interferons (Alfa, Beta)


Authors: NIH Interferons are a family of cytokines with antiviral properties. They have been suggested as a potential treatment for COVID-19 because of their in vitro and in vivo antiviral properties. Recommendation The COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel recommends against the use of interferons for the treatment of patients with severe or critical COVID-19, except in a clinical trial (AIII). There is insufficient evidence to […]

Ivermectin


Authors: NIH Ivermectin is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antiparasitic drug that is used to treat several neglected tropical diseases, including onchocerciasis, helminthiases, and scabies.1 It is also being evaluated for its potential to reduce the rate of malaria transmission by killing mosquitoes that feed on treated humans and livestock.2 For these indications, ivermectin has been […]

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)


Authors: Nicholas J. Beeching, MA, BM BCh, FRCP, FRACP, FFTM RCPS (Glasg), FESCMID, DCH, DTM&H, Tom E. Fletcher, MBE, PhD, MBChB, MRCP, DTM&H, Robert Fowler, MDCM, MS (Epi), FRCP(C) © BMJ Publishing Group 2021 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious acute respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus. The World Health Organization (WHO) was informed […]

Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19)


Authors: Marco Cascella; Michael Rajnik; Abdul Aleem; Scott C. Dulebohn; Raffaela Di Napoli. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the highly contagious infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had a catastrophic effect on the world’s demographics resulting in more than 2.9 million deaths worldwide, emerging as the most consequential global health crisis since the era […]

COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review


Authors: Giuseppe Pascarella 1, Alessandro Strumia 1, Chiara Piliego 1, Federica Bruno 1, Romualdo Del Buono 2, Fabio Costa 1, Simone Scarlata 3, Felice Eugenio Agrò  Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, a novel coronavirus from the same family as SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, has spread worldwide leading the World Health Organization to declare a pandemic. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), presents […]

COVID‐19: immunopathology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment options


Authors: Larissa E van Eijk, 1 , † Mathijs Binkhorst, 2 , † Arno R Bourgonje, 3 , ‡ Annette K Offringa, 4 , ‡ Douwe J Mulder, 5 Eelke M Bos, 6 Nikola Kolundzic, 7 , 8 Amaal E Abdulle, 5 Peter HJ van der Voort, 9 Marcel GM Olde Rikkert, 10 Johannes G van der Hoeven, 11 Wilfred FA den Dunnen, 1 Jan‐Luuk Hillebrands, 1 , § and Harry van Goor Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), continues to […]