The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein: Architecture, Binding Dynamics, and Clearance Evolution Over Five Years

John Murphy, President The COVID Long-haul Foundation Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein is the principal mediator of viral entry and a key determinant of COVID-19 pathogenesis. This article provides…[...]

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Otologic and Vestibular Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination: A Comparative Pathophysiologic Review

John Murphy, The COVID 19 Long-haul Foundation Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated a remarkable capacity for multisystem involvement, extending beyond its primary respiratory tropism to affect neurological, vascular, and otologic domains.…[...]

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🩸 COVID-19 and Chronic Venous Insufficiency: 2025 Research Insights on Etiology, Vascular Damage, and Treatment

Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)—a condition where leg veins fail to return blood efficiently to the heart—has gained renewed attention in 2025 due to its association with COVID-19, particularly in patients…[...]

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Incidence of Neurological Manifestations in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients

Sasa Dragic • Andrea Dolencuk • Danica Momcicevic • et. al., DOI: 10.7759/cureus.85616  Abstract Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not primarily a neurotropic virus. However, since angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors are present…[...]

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Ocular Symptoms Among COVID-19 Positive Patients: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Nayef F. Alswaina • Abdulrahman Alsowinea • Yazeed K. Alhabeeb •et. al. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.76671  Abstract Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a widespread viral illness, has been linked to a range of respiratory and other systemic symptoms. Along…[...]

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