COVID‐19: immunopathology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment options

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Authors: Larissa E van Eijk, 1 , † Mathijs Binkhorst, 2 , † Arno R Bourgonje, 3 , ‡ Annette K Offringa, 4 , ‡ Douwe J Mulder, 5 Eelke M Bos, 6 Nikola Kolundzic, 7 , 8 Amaal E Abdulle, 5 Peter HJ van der Voort, 9 Marcel GM Olde Rikkert, 10 Johannes G van der Hoeven, 11 Wilfred FA den Dunnen, 1 Jan‐Luuk Hillebrands, 1 , § and Harry van Goor Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), continues to […]

Can COVID-19 Immunity Last for Years?

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Author: Christina Aungst, PharmD Key takeaways: People who were sick with COVID-19 and recovered might have long-term immunity that lasts for months or years. We don’t know how long vaccine immunity lasts yet, but it is much safer to gain immunity from the vaccine than from getting COVID-19. Experts believe the vaccine will still work […]

SARS-CoV-2-Specific Memory T Lymphocytes From COVID-19 Convalescent Donors: Identification, Biobanking, and Large-Scale Production for Adoptive Cell Therapy

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Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is causing a second outbreak significantly delaying the hope for the virus’ complete eradication. In the absence of effective vaccines, we need effective treatments with low adverse effects that can treat hospitalized patients with COVID-19 disease. In this study, we determined the existence of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells within CD45RA– memory T […]

What is the role of T cells in COVID-19 infection? Why immunity is about more than antibodies

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Summary CD4+ T cells help B cells to produce antibodies and help CD8+ T cells to kill virus-infected cells One of the dominant cytokines produced by T cells is interferon gamma, a key player in controlling viral infection – see also [41] Lymphopenia is a main feature of COVID-19 infection, affecting CD4+ T cells, CD8+ […]

T cell responses in patients with COVID-19

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The role of T cells in the resolution or exacerbation of COVID-19, as well as their potential to provide long-term protection from reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, remains debated. Nevertheless, recent studies have highlighted various aspects of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection that are starting to enable some general concepts to emerge. For More Information: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-020-0402-6

Understanding How COVID-19 Vaccines Work

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How COVID-19 Vaccines Work COVID-19 vaccines help our bodies develop immunity to the virus that causes COVID-19 without us having to get the illness. Different types of vaccines work in different ways to offer protection. But with all types of vaccines, the body is left with a supply of “memory” T-lymphocytes as well as B-lymphocytes […]

Immune T Cells May Offer Lasting Protection Against COVID-19

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Much of the study on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19, has focused on the production of antibodies. But, in fact, immune cells known as memory T cells also play an important role in the ability of our immune systems to protect us against many viral infections, including—it now appears—COVID-19. An […]

COVID-19 Attacks Endothelial Cells

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The pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2 can enter the body via cells in the nose to cause the illness COVID-19. But we know now that it doesn’t stop there. Clinicians and scientists have found that it can attack many different organ systems. Researchers now are starting to catalog the ways that it can affect the cardiovascular system. A report published […]

The Specter of Endothelial Injury in COVID-19

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Studies signal that damage to the endothelium—cells that cover blood vessels like wallpaper—could underpin the thrombosis and inflammation induced by coronavirus infection. The endothelium as a common theme in COVID-19 The endothelium comprises a single layer of cells that forms the interior lining of blood vessels throughout the body. The tissue physically insulates blood elements […]

COVID-19: towards understanding of pathogenesis

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Since the end of 2019, COVID-19 has caused considerable mortality and morbidity worldwide, and become a priority of the global society. Better understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19 will provide important insight into its management. The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly. Although the cause was quickly identified as a new coronavirus named […]