13 ways that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein causes damage

Authors: Posted on January 13, 2022 by Jesse Santiano, M.D.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has four structural proteins. The spike, membrane, envelop, and nucleocapsid proteins. The spike protein protrudes from the middle of the coronavirus and attaches to the ACE2 receptor of cells to start the process of cell entry, replication, and infection. The two major parts of the spike protein are the S1 and S2 subunit. The S1 has the receptor-binding domain.

For easier reading, this review starts with what happens after the COVID jabs, soluble spike proteins, and what it takes to have a normal blood vessel. Then I will enumerate how the spike protein damages the body.

What happens after the COVID shots?

COVID vaccination aims to produce an immune response against the spike protein in the form of neutralizing antibodies so that in future SARS-CoV-2 exposures, COVID-19 will be prevented.

The injected messenger RNA provides instructions to the cells on making the spike proteins. Once the spike protein is produced, it migrates to the outside of the cell to be anchored on the cells’ outer surface, where the immune system will recognize it and develop an immune response to it. (antibodies, T cells, B cells).

Soluble spike proteins

Ideally, the whole spike protein should stay attached to the outside of the cells. Sometimes incomplete spike proteins are produced in the form of spike peptides. As shown below, they are also presented to the immune system by cells outside the surface with an anchoring protein called the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC).

Anchoring to the cells is critical because once the spike protein or its pieces in the form of peptides become soluble or float in the bloodstream, they induce inflammation and clot formation in the arteries and capillaries. Scientists have found several ways that it happens.

First is that enzymes called metalloproteinases can cut the MHC1 at their bases.[1] Free-floating MHCs are found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus SLE and cancers.[4][5]

The second is that errors can happen while RNA splicing occurs inside the nucleus. This results in variant spike proteins that are soluble.[2] Soluble S1 subunits were observed among recipients of the Moderna shots.[3]

You can read more about it in this article: SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins detected in the plasma following Moderna shots.

Third, are exosomes released from cells containing MHCs with the spike proteins. [6] T-cells can interact with the spike proteins in the exosomes and cause inflammation [7]. Immunogenic spike proteins inside exosomes were demonstrated after Pfizer injection[8].

Donor Blood Can Have Spike Protein Exosomes

The normal blood vessel

All organs in the body need an adequate blood supply, and blood vessels have to be in pristine working conditions for that to happen. They should be distensible to allow greater blood flow during exertion, smooth inside to prevent blood clot formation, and have working mechanisms to repair themselves and dissolve blood clots that may form.

All that work falls on the endothelial cells that line the inner wall of the blood vessels, andI talked about them at The Magical Endothelium. Any injury to the endothelium can elicit an inflammatory response and clot formation leading to organ dysfunctions like heart attacks, strokes, and deaths.

Blood clots always start small, and once they develop, they initiate a chain reaction that promotes a more extensive clot. The good thing is that the body can do fibrinolysis, a built-in mechanism to dissolve clots.

13 ways Spike Proteins cause disease

The following are how the spike proteins and their S1 subunit can cause damage. They can work together and have four results, inflammation, thrombosis or clot formation, auto-immunity, and amyloid formation.

Any foreign protein inside the body can elicit inflammation. That is why parts of the spike proteins in the form of their S1 subunits or shorter fragments are enough to cause damage.[9][10].

Inflammation and thrombosis

The S1 subunit activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling to induce pro-inflammatory responses. It happens with the spike protein in COVID-19 [10] and the S1 subunits.[12]

The spike protein triggers cell signaling events that promote pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and other cardiovascular complications [13]Source: Suzuki and Gychka. Vaccines 2

The spike S1 initiates inflammatory responses from tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) to initiate a cytokine storm syndrome in the lungs. [14].

Spike proteins cause vascular leaks by degrading the barrier of the endothelium. [15] The leak may explain the proliferation of lymphocytes seen by German pathologists in the organs of deceased patients who died after the shots.

Spike proteins affect the cardiac pericytes, the cells that “supervise” the endothelial cells responsible for maintaining the smoothness of the blood vessels. [16]. Study shows spike proteins affect cardiac pericytes and explain why soccer players collapse

Spike proteins downregulate the ACE2 and impair endothelial function [17]

The S1 produces blood clots resistant to the body’s fibrinolysis and hospital clot-buster medications [18]. That’s why some have their limbs amputated after the shots. One woman had both legs and hands amputated. There’s a list here.

The spike protein can cause inflammation by activating the alternate complement pathway. [20]

Long COVID-Syndrome

The S1 Proteins can persist in CD16+ Monocytes up to 15 Months Post-Infection and vaccination to induce chronic inflammation. This explains the symptoms of the Long COVID Syndrome. [19]

Amyloids formation and interaction

Amyloids are fibrillar proteins. They are most commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases like dementia. However, they can also form in the heart and lungs and make them rigid and form blood clots resistant to dissolution. [21] The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can form amyloids seen in lung, blood, and nervous system disorders
The S1 protein contains heparin-binding sites that attract amyloids to initiate amyloid protein aggregation. Amyloid formation leads to neurodegeneration like Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s’ disease, and Frontal lobe dementia. [22]

Molecular mimicry

12. Molecular mimicry happens if protein sequences in the spike protein and peptides have similarities to human proteins. Antibodies made for those viral proteins may also attack the host proteins.[24][25][26].

This leads to several autoimmune diseases like immune thrombocytopenia (low platelet counts) [23], autoimmune liver diseases, Guillain-Barré syndrome, IgA nephropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus[27]

Cancer and Immune Deficiency

Spike proteins impair DNA damage repair and result in ineffective antibodies and damaged tumor-suppressor genes like the BRCA1 and 53BP1 that lead to cancers. BRCA1 damage is associated with breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers.

53BP1 loss of function in tumor tissues is elated to tumor occurrence, progression, and poor prognosis in human malignancies.[30]

Parting thoughts

The disease-causing part of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the spike protein, and it is present in COVID-19 and the COVID injections. Prevention and early treatment are possible for COVID-19. Once you have the shot, there is no way to control the spike protein.

It is unclear why not all have the adverse effects or die. What is sure is that there are over one million reported adverse effects on VAERS, and more than one hundred thousand have been killed. Vaccine-induced deaths in the U.S. and Europe are way higher than the VAERS reports!

This list is not all-inclusive, and I probably missed some. Indeed, more will be discovered in the future, and I don’t want my body to find out. Do you?

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References:

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