What are Adenovirus-Based Vaccines?

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Authors: By Dr. Sanchari Sinha Dutta, Ph.D.Reviewed by Sophia Coveney, B.Sc. Adenoviruses are considered excellent vectors for delivering target antigens to mammalian hosts because of their capability to induce both innate and adaptive immune responses. Currently, adenovirus-based vaccines are used against a wide variety of pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Plasmodium falciparum. What are adenoviruses? Adenoviruses are […]

Adenovirus-vectored Vaccines for COVID-19 – How Do They Work?

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Authors: Heather D. Marshall, PhD | Vito Iacoviello, MD Viruses are genetic material surrounded by a protein shell with the ability to infect cells, highjack cellular machinery, and make copies of themselves. Viruses are also detected by the immune system and stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses and quite often, potent immunological memory that protects the host […]

Comorbidity and its Impact on Patients with COVID-19

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Authors: Adekunle Sanyaolu 1, Chuku Okorie 2, Aleksandra Marinkovic 3, Risha Patidar 3, Kokab Younis 4, Priyank Desai 5, Zaheeda Hosein 6, Inderbir Padda 7, Jasmine Mangat 6, Mohsin Altaf 8 Abstract A novel human coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since then, the virus has made its way across the globe to affect over 180 countries. SARS-CoV-2 has infected humans in all age […]

Comparative study of hospitalized children with acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus

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Authors: Xinghua Liu, Wei Li, Bo Zhang, Yan Guo, Zhao Hu, Cao Peng, Xiao Lei, Qunying Luo, Qiong hang, Wei Deng, Juanjuan Wang, Jianqiao Tang, Yunqiao Li & Jianying Chen BMC Infectious Diseases volume 21, Article number: 412 (2021)  Abstract Background Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in December 2019, more than 8 million cases have occurred worldwide as of June 16, 2020. However, it is important to distinguish COVID-19 from other respiratory infectious […]

COVID-19: an update and cardiac involvement

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Authors: Nizar R. Alwaqfi & Khalid S. Ibrahim  Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects host cells through angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors, leading to coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-related pneumonia, and also causing acute cardiac injury and chronic damage to the cardiovascular system. The purpose of this review is primarily reviewing the COVID-19 disease, including pathogen, […]

Virology, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2

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Authors: Muge Cevik, clinical lecturer1 2,  Krutika Kuppalli, assistant professor3,  Jason Kindrachuk, assistant professor of virology4,  Malik Peiris, professor of virology5 What you need to know SARS-CoV-2 is genetically similar to SARS-CoV-1, but characteristics of SARS-CoV-2—eg, structural differences in its surface proteins and viral load kinetics—may help explain its enhanced rate of transmission In the respiratory […]

Severe covid-19 pneumonia: pathogenesis and clinical management

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Authors: Amy H Attaway, assistant professor of medicine, associate director, COPD center1,  Rachel G Scheraga, assistant professor of medicine1 2,  Adarsh Bhimraj, head, section of neurological infections; staff, infectious diseases1,  Michelle Biehl, associate staff, pulmonary and critical care medicine; director, post ICU recovery clinic1,  Umur Hatipoğlu, associate professor of medicine; director, respiratory therapy; director, COPD center1 […]

Neurologic Features in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection

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Authors: Julie Helms, M.D., Ph.D., Stéphane Kremer, M.D., Ph.D., Hamid Merdji, M.D., Raphaël Clere-Jehl, M.D., Malika Schenck, M.D., Christine Kummerlen, M.D., Olivier Collange, M.D., Ph.D., Clotilde Boulay, M.D., Samira Fafi-Kremer, Pharm.D., Ph.D., Mickaël Ohana, M.D., Ph.D., Mathieu Anheim, M.D., Ph.D. Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France, Ferhat Meziani, M.D., Ph.D.University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France Reported here […]

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Children and Adolescents A Systematic Review

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Authors: Riccardo Castagnoli, MD1,2; Martina Votto, MD1,2; Amelia Licari, MD1,2; et al Key Points Question  What are the clinical features of pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Findings  In this systematic review of 18 studies with 1065 participants, most pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection presented with fever, dry cough, and fatigue or were asymptomatic; 1 infant presented with pneumonia, complicated by shock and kidney failure, […]

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) – anatomic pathology perspective on current knowledge

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Authors: Sambit K. Mohanty, Abhishek Satapathy, Machita M. Naidu, Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, Shivani Sharma, Lisa M. Barton, Edana Stroberg, Eric J. Duval, Dinesh Pradhan, Alexandar Tzankov & Anil V. Parwani  Abstract Background The world is currently witnessing a major devastating pandemic of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). This disease is caused by a novel coronavirus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It primarily affects the respiratory tract and […]