COVID-19 (coronavirus): Long-term effects


Authors: Mayo Clinic Staff COVID-19 symptoms can sometimes persist for months. The virus can damage the lungs, heart and brain, which increases the risk of long-term health problems. Most people who have coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recover completely within a few weeks. But some people — even those who had mild versions of the disease […]

Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆


Authors: Shweta Singh,a Deblina Roy,b,⁎ Krittika Sinha,c Sheeba Parveen,c Ginni Sharma,c and Gunjan Josh COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown has brought about a sense of fear and anxiety around the globe. This phenomenon has led to short term as well as long term psychosocial and mental health implications for children and adolescents. The quality and magnitude of impact on minors is determined […]

Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19)


Authors: Marco Cascella; Michael Rajnik; Abdul Aleem; Scott C. Dulebohn; Raffaela Di Napoli. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the highly contagious infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had a catastrophic effect on the world’s demographics resulting in more than 2.9 million deaths worldwide, emerging as the most consequential global health crisis since the era […]

COVID-19 pathophysiology: A review


Authors: Koichi Yuki,⁎ Miho Fujiogi, and Sophia Koutsogiannaki In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, now named as SARS-CoV-2, caused a series of acute atypical respiratory diseases in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The disease caused by this virus was termed COVID-19. The virus is transmittable between humans and has caused pandemic worldwide. The number of death tolls continues […]

Self-Reported Real-World Safety and Reactogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Vaccine Recipient Survey


Authors: Alexander G Mathioudakis 1 2, Murad Ghrew 3 4 5, Andrew Ustianowski 5 6, Shazaad Ahmad 7, Ray Borrow 8, Lida Pieretta Papavasileiou 9, Dimitrios Petrakis 10, Nawar Diar Bakerly An online survey was conducted to compare the safety, tolerability and reactogenicity of available COVID-19 vaccines in different recipient groups. This survey was launched in February 2021 and ran for 11 days. Recipients of a first COVID-19 vaccine dose ≥7 days prior […]

COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature


Author: Ravi Philip Rajkumar The COVID-19 pandemic is a major health crisis affecting several nations, with over 720,000 cases and 33,000 confirmed deaths reported to date. Such widespread outbreaks are associated with adverse mental health consequences. Keeping this in mind, existing literature on the COVID-19 outbreak pertinent to mental health was retrieved via a literature […]

Clinical Presentation of COVID-19: A Systematic Review Focusing on Upper Airway Symptoms


Authors: Andrea Lovato 1, Cosimo de Filippis Abstract Pharyngodynia, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, smell, and taste dysfunctions could be the presenting symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The aim was to perform a systematic review of current evidences on clinical presentation of COVID-19, focusing on upper airway symptoms in order […]

COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review


Authors: Giuseppe Pascarella 1, Alessandro Strumia 1, Chiara Piliego 1, Federica Bruno 1, Romualdo Del Buono 2, Fabio Costa 1, Simone Scarlata 3, Felice Eugenio Agrò  Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, a novel coronavirus from the same family as SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, has spread worldwide leading the World Health Organization to declare a pandemic. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), presents […]

COVID‐19: immunopathology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment options


Authors: Larissa E van Eijk, 1 , † Mathijs Binkhorst, 2 , † Arno R Bourgonje, 3 , ‡ Annette K Offringa, 4 , ‡ Douwe J Mulder, 5 Eelke M Bos, 6 Nikola Kolundzic, 7 , 8 Amaal E Abdulle, 5 Peter HJ van der Voort, 9 Marcel GM Olde Rikkert, 10 Johannes G van der Hoeven, 11 Wilfred FA den Dunnen, 1 Jan‐Luuk Hillebrands, 1 , § and Harry van Goor Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), continues to […]

Can COVID-19 Immunity Last for Years?


Author: Christina Aungst, PharmD Key takeaways: People who were sick with COVID-19 and recovered might have long-term immunity that lasts for months or years. We don’t know how long vaccine immunity lasts yet, but it is much safer to gain immunity from the vaccine than from getting COVID-19. Experts believe the vaccine will still work […]